Knowledge search
一次检索人物、事件、地点、文本、群体、路线和比较专题，并深入匹配百科正文、时间节点与学界争议。
Knowledge category
622 年自麦加迁至叶斯里卜/麦地那；伊斯兰纪元起点。H 轨：政治避难与共同体重建；T 轨：奉命迁徙与信仰考验。622 move from Mecca to Yathrib/Medina; epoch of the Islamic calendar. H-track: political refuge and community rebuilding; T-track: commanded emigration and trial of faith.
先知时期进入麦加的关键节点。H 轨：西拉军事—政治叙事；T 轨：天房净化与大赦传统。Key prophetic-era entry into Mecca. H-track: sira military-political narrative; T-track: Kaaba purification and amnesty traditions.
艾布·伯克尔、欧麦尔、奥斯曼、阿里时期。H 轨：继承危机、征服与内战（菲特奈）；T 轨：逊尼「正统哈里发」与什叶对阿里优先的分流圣史。Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali. H-track: succession crises, conquests, civil war (fitna); T-track: Sunni rightly guided caliphs vs Shi'i priority of Ali.
7 世纪对拜占庭叙利亚—埃及与萨珊伊拉克—伊朗等地的快速扩张。H 轨：军事、税收与宗教政策复杂；T 轨：为主道开疆与宿命叙事。7th-c. rapid expansion into Byzantine Syria–Egypt and Sasanian Iraq–Iran. H-track: complex military, tax, and religious policy; T-track: expansion in God's path and destiny narratives.
奥斯曼被杀后阿里时期的内战，至661 前后。教派记忆的分水岭。Civil war after Uthman's killing through Ali's caliphate to c. 661; watershed of sectarian memory.
18 世纪纳季德改革运动与沙特政治联盟。H 轨：Commins；T 轨：认主独一改革 vs 批评暴力/扩张。18th-c. Najdi reform movement and Saudi political alliance. H-track: Commins; T-track: tawhid reform vs critiques of violence/expansion.
推翻倭马亚、阿拔斯取而代之。H 轨：呼罗珊动员与帝国重组；T 轨：家族合法性与新时代叙事。Overthrow of Umayyads by Abbasids. H-track: Khurasan mobilization and imperial reorganization; T-track: family legitimacy and new-age narratives.
从早期禁欲—神秘实践到中古教团（tariqa）制度化。H 轨：Knysh/Lapidus；T 轨：道统与齐克尔。From early ascetic-mystical practice to medieval tariqa institutionalization. H-track: Knysh/Lapidus; T-track: silsila and dhikr.
与欧洲改革并行的奥斯曼等帝国秩序：教法、苏非、宫廷与对非穆斯林米勒特管理。Ottoman and related imperial orders parallel to European reform: law, Sufism, court, and millet management of non-Muslims.
奥斯曼攻克拜占庭首都；常被用作中古/近代分期象征。对东正教、伊斯兰帝国与欧洲想象皆为转折。Ottomans take the Byzantine capital; often a medieval/early modern symbolic hinge for Orthodoxy, Islamic empire, and European imagination.
奥斯曼帝国对基督徒、犹太人等共同体的法律—行政安排（史学上「米勒特」概念有建构与演变）。Ottoman legal-administrative arrangements for Christian, Jewish, and other communities (the 'millet' concept is historically constructed and evolving).
16 世纪起萨法维王朝以十二伊玛目什叶为国教，重塑伊朗宗教地图。H 轨：国家—教派政治；T 轨：什叶礼仪与圣地网络扩展。From 16th c. Safavids establish Twelver Shi'ism as state religion, reshaping Iran's religious map. H-track: state-sect politics; T-track: expansion of Shi'i ritual and shrine networks.
19–20 世纪初伊斯兰世界面对欧洲霸权的思想—制度回应：现代主义、赛莱菲倾向、宪政与教育改革等。19th–early 20th c. intellectual-institutional responses to European hegemony: modernism, Salafi tendencies, constitutionalism, educational reform, etc.
哈桑·班纳在埃及创立的现代伊斯兰社会—政治运动。H 轨：Mitchell；T 轨：伊斯兰秩序理想与国家冲突记忆。Modern Islamic social-political movement founded by Hasan al-Banna in Egypt. H-track: Mitchell; T-track: Islamic order ideal and state-conflict memory.