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“宗教改革”24 条结果

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事件

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事件基督教约1517 起(传统公共起点);过程贯穿16–17 世纪From c. 1517 (traditional public start); process through 16th–17th c.

宗教改革(欧洲诸改革)The Reformation(s) in Europe

16 世纪起拉丁基督教世界的教义、礼仪与教会权威裂变。H 轨:复数改革与政治;T 轨:新教起源圣史与公教回应叙事。Fission of doctrine, liturgy, and ecclesial authority in Latin Christendom from the 16th c. H-track: plural reformations and politics; T-track: Protestant origin narratives and Catholic responses.

事件伊斯兰教跨传统共享约15–18 世纪(与欧洲改革重叠)c. 15th–18th c. (overlaps European reform)

近世伊斯兰帝国格局(奥斯曼中心视角)Early Modern Islamicate Imperial Order (Ottoman-centered view)

与欧洲改革并行的奥斯曼等帝国秩序:教法、苏非、宫廷与对非穆斯林米勒特管理。Ottoman and related imperial orders parallel to European reform: law, Sufism, court, and millet management of non-Muslims.

事件基督教1545–15631545–1563

特伦托大公会议Council of Trent

1545–1563 公教改革的关键会议。H 轨:教义界定与纪律;T 轨:公教正统巩固。Key Catholic reform council 1545–1563. H-track: doctrinal definition and discipline; T-track: consolidation of Catholic orthodoxy.

事件基督教15551555

奥格斯堡和约(1555)Peace of Augsburg (1555)

神圣罗马帝国承认诸侯选择路德宗或公教。H 轨:教派化政治;T 轨:有限宽容的改革记忆。Holy Roman Empire recognizes princes choosing Lutheranism or Catholicism. H-track: confessional politics; T-track: limited-toleration reform memory.

事件伊斯兰教约1740s 起;与沙特政治多次起伏From c. 1740s; multiple rises/falls with Saudi politics

瓦哈比运动与沙特兴起Wahhabi Movement and Saudi Rise

18 世纪纳季德改革运动与沙特政治联盟。H 轨:Commins;T 轨:认主独一改革 vs 批评暴力/扩张。18th-c. Najdi reform movement and Saudi political alliance. H-track: Commins; T-track: tawhid reform vs critiques of violence/expansion.

事件犹太教约18 世纪末–19 世纪(地区参差)c. late 18th–19th c. (regionally uneven)

犹太解放与哈斯卡拉Jewish Emancipation and the Haskalah

公民权开放与犹太启蒙文化运动。H 轨:国家法律与社会史;T 轨:托拉与现代性张力的内部叙事。Opening of civic rights and the Jewish Enlightenment cultural movement. H-track: law and social history; T-track: internal narratives of Torah and modernity.

事件犹太教跨传统共享伊斯兰教基督教19481948

以色列建国(宗教史维度)State of Israel 1948 (Religious-History Dimensions)

1948 以色列国建立。本站只处理宗教史维度:锡安主义与传统、圣地、流散—回归话语;不做时政站或单边宣传。Establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. Site treats only religious-history dimensions: Zionism and tradition, sacred geography, exile-return discourse—not current-affairs advocacy.

Knowledge category

人物

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人物基督教约480–547c. 480–547 CE

努西亚的本笃Benedict of Nursia

西方修道会规传统关键人物。H 轨:6 世纪意大利修道;T 轨:《会规》与西方隐修理想。Key figure of Western monastic rule tradition. H-track: sixth-century Italian monasticism; T-track: Rule and Western monastic ideal.

人物犹太教约前8世纪末—前7世纪初在位(年表方案有微调)Late 8th–early 7th c. BCE reign (chronology fine-tuned by schemes)

希西家Hezekiah

犹大改革君王与亚述危机(前701)中的关键人物。H 轨:西拿基立史料与圣经对读;T 轨:信靠与改革典范。Judahite reforming king in the Assyrian crisis (701). H-track: Sennacherib sources vs Bible; T-track: model of trust and reform.

人物犹太教约前640–609 在位(常用年表)Reign c. 640–609 BCE (standard scheme)

约西亚Josiah

「发现律法书」与大规模改革的传统中心;H 轨与申命律法成书/颁布假说紧密相关。Traditional center of 'law-book discovery' and sweeping reform; H-track tightly linked to Deuteronomic composition/promulgation hypotheses.

人物犹太教传统前5世纪;编年方案争议Tradition 5th c. BCE; chronological schemes debated

以斯拉Ezra

「精通摩西律法的文士」;传统中的托拉复兴者。史学讨论其波斯授权使命与文本成书。Scribe skilled in the law of Moses; traditional restorer of Torah. History debates Persian-authorized mission and textual formation.

人物犹太教传统约前5世纪中叶在省Tradition mid-5th c. BCE governorship

尼希米Nehemiah

波斯朝廷酒政出身的犹大省长;城墙重建与社会改革叙事主角。Cupbearer-turned-governor of Judah; protagonist of wall rebuilding and social reform narratives.

人物基督教犹太教跨传统共享活跃约公元30年代中–60年代;书信约50–60年代Active mid-30s–60s CE; letters c. 50s–60s

保罗(扫罗)Paul (Saul)

法利赛背景的犹太基督使徒;无争议书信是最早基督文献。H 轨:新视角与律法之争;T 轨:外邦使徒与书信正典。Pharisaic-background Jewish apostle of Christ; undisputed letters are earliest Christian literature. H-track: New Perspective and law debates; T-track: apostle to gentiles and canonical letters.

人物基督教354–430354–430 CE

奥古斯丁Augustine of Hippo

拉丁教父巨擘。H 轨:晚期古代北非与教义争论;T 轨:原罪、恩典、上帝之城传统。Latin patristic giant. H-track: late antique North Africa and doctrinal conflicts; T-track: original sin, grace, City of God traditions.

人物犹太教1040–11051040–1105

拉希(所罗门·本·以撒)Rashi (Solomon b. Isaac)

托拉与塔木德注释巨匠。H 轨:11 世纪法兰西犹太学术;T 轨:犹太学习的标准注释层。Master commentator on Torah and Talmud. H-track: 11th-c. French Jewish scholarship; T-track: standard commentary layer of Jewish learning.

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